ABAQUS for beginners (Mechanical Engineering)

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This lesson is very attractive to the users of finite elements. In this lesson, you will be familiar with the finite element completely. First, starts with some simple examples like meshing an aerial structure, calculating the circumference of a circle, and displacement calculation of a structure with geometric complication. Then, it discusses using finite element tools to solve problems step by step.

Furthermore, this lesson explains about different types of elements in terms of shape, element and node, freedom degree, and finite element is used for two types of problems. They and FEM instruction will be described to solve a difficult shape step by step. The users must know that using the FEM method has its advantages and disadvantages.

They will be explained completely with examples and figures. In the end, the degree of freedom and plane stress element and plane strain with problems that can use these elements will be described completely. It is necessary to know that one of the most important issues of using simulation software is studying convergence. The description of studying convergence is the last theory content in this lesson.

Two workshops are investigated in this lesson: In the first one, a three-dimension truss is simulated to model a 3D structure in space, using the software tree diagram, reading results, etc. In the second one, a sheet undergoes plane stress and the notes related to plane elements, applying tensional extensive load, reading results in a curved path, symmetric condition and model simplification, software technique for investigating convergence, and so on will be studied.

• This lesson focuses on elements. At first, it explains the types of characteristics of elements including family, degree of freedom, number of nodes, formulation, and integration completely. Then, the beam element and its items of use will introduce. The beam element can be used in two different formulations, Bernoulli and Timoshenko with different theories and different applications which will be explained in detail.
• In the first workshop, a single clamped beam under concentrated force is simulated. The results from simulation and formulation analysis will be compared.
• In the second workshop, beam simulation with the beam element and continuum element will be done and compared. The workshop describes the simulation with continuum element, beam element simulation tips, extracting moment results, force along the beam and cross-section, and parts observation with different colors; and also, it explains beam modeling in a dynamic analysis which includes loading, and getting HTML results from simulation procedure.

• This lesson is one of the most important lessons in this package. In this lesson, Explicit and standard solvers will be completely discussed. In this study, in the first step, it will be explained to choose an appropriate solver for each example by considering solver capability.
• The key differences between these two solvers are described in solving different types of problems and the field element type of analysis, using contact, solving method, and so on. In the next step, the influence of mesh size on the speed of analysis for the two solvers is investigated.
• It has been tried in a simple problem the solving process with two solvers, standard and explicit, to be completely explained. Therefore you will be completely familiar with the function of these two solvers.
• A deep drawing analysis is done by using the explicit solver in the workshp. In this workshop, different contents are explained as listed below: rigid body and related points, using information extracted from simple tensile stress in a laboratory in the inputs of software, Axsim element, and related points, defining contact, assembling, defining plasticity and so on.

• In this lesson, very important tips about explicit solvers are studied. In the first step, different types of analysis are explained which are done by the dynamic explicit solver. Furthermore, the concept of stable time increment and calculation method will be described with examples completely and precisely.
• In some problems, the speed of analysis can be increased with the help of different techniques such as mass-scale and load rate scaling. These two techniques are explained completely. Some tips are passed on calculating optimal values for use in these two techniques. In the end, some points are explained about energy balance and remaining the problem in the quasi-static (versus Dynamic) state.
• In the first workshop, the optimal time of deep drawing analysis is calculated and applied. In this analysis, two methods of increasing the analysis speed such as mass-scale and rate scaling are studied.
• The plane strain element is used in the second workshop, and methods of increasing the analysis speed are investigated. Furthermore, rolling modeling tips to decrease the thickness along the rolling shelf are presented. In the end, energy balance is checked to prevent it from becoming dynamic.

• This lesson will discuss linear analysis versus nonlinear analysis. At first, the lesson will explain natural frequency analysis and related formulas step by step to obtain the answer. Also, the influence of the natural frequency analysis, capabilities, and the speed of each one is described. In the next stage, buckling analysis, the application, and the effect on other processes are introduced.
• To become familiar with the buckling process, an Euler beam is studied, and the buckling load is calculated by solving differential equations. In the following, the general solving method of buckling equations, its usage in the finite element software and, different types of solving techniques and capabilities of the software to process buckling load in various structures is investigated.
• In the first workshop, the optimal time of solving the reduced beam problem under shear load will calculate. Also, you will study how to extract buckling load, mode shapes, and moment of inertia. Furthermore, you will learn to capture a figure or get the results from the model, showing node numbers and elements, and post-buckling behavior by using the Riks method will be investigated. This lesson explains the necessary points to define damage using buckling analysis in a post-buckling analysis. In the next workshop, the buckling of a tube under external fluid pressure is investigated.
• In the third workshop, the natural frequency of a water transfer tube is processed to determine what frequency the resonance phenomenon or a problem will occur if the vibration has happened in the tube, which can be applied by artificial external forces or natural forces like an earthquake.

• One of the most rampant phenomena in the universe is heat transfer. Heat transfer can cause changes in mechanical characteristics. Heat transfer analysis can be divided into two types: consistent or transient. In this lesson, the settings and tips of these two analyses with examples are discussed.
• Then, mechanical analyses under the effect of heat transfer analysis will be investigated. In some cases, these analyses (mechanical/ thermal) should become coupled simultaneously and, in some cases, can be performed consecutively. For each one, essential tips and items to detect problem type and usage method with related examples are presented. In the coupled process, hot forging analysis is presented as a workshop.
• In some simulations, elements suffer from excessive distortion; In this case, you have to use the ALE technique. This technique is described entirely, and its difference with two methods, Lagrangian and Eulerian, is presented. This technique is used in the hot forging process; complete notes and steps to solve coupled include types of heat transfer, radiation, convection, conductivity, heat production caused by friction, heat production caused by plastic work, and dependency of elasticity and plasticity on heat is described.
• In the second workshop, impact analysis is done. In this process, heat has a little time to distribute in the whole matter and, another type of heat transfer named adiabatic will be studied. This type of heat transfer and its applications are discussed thoroughly. The material in this process has used Johnson cook’s law, which mechanical characteristics depend on temperature and strain rate.
• A full explanation of this model, along with the steps to implement on software, is described. Other matters in this example are investigating impact time, velocity changes according to the time chart of the bullet, the force, and the resultant torque graph of several elements and nodes.

• In this lesson which is part of the simulation of composite damage package, first, damage definition and its application is explained. Then, the lecturer will investigate the differences between microscopic and macroscopic damage. Types of damage start scale and continuation of damage of composites are examined.
• In this lesson’s workshop, the start of damage and continuation of damage according to Hashin scale in a plane with a hole under ununiformed loading will be done. Also, other matters are explained, such as composite elastic characteristics definition, required parameters for the start of Hashin damage scale, needed settings for field output to observe results and see the results in layers for fiber and matrix independently.
• You could see different examples about modeling composites and investigating the damage in these materials in the package. Other packages are available about composites material such as damage in 3D elements, fatigue analysis and, a complete package about these materials.